Spain was considered a backwater country in the eyes of the world during the 20th Century but what happened in the former world power had a profound influence on world history. The issues that the nation of Spain had to deal with over this 100-year period still resonate in the problems we face today. A widening chasm between the left and the right, religious intolerance, the rise of Fascism, anti-Semitism, regional seperatism and the need for reconciliation were all factors that Spain had to endure in this time period. Some efforts were successful; many were not. The citizens of Spain went through many governments of varying types. Monarchies rose and fell and rose again. A civil war devastated and impoverished the people and a repressive dictatorship did little to lighten their load or spirits. Only in the last two decades of the century was there a return to any sense of normalcy, and a successful Summer Olympics in 1992 put a capstone on the rebuilding efforts of España. There are still problems that we read about today but legality rather than violence seems to be the route that Spaniards are now embracing.We will examine through lecture and discussion the very tumultuous 100-year history of Spain since 1900 and look back briefly to earlier centuries to see what events may have contributed to the upheavals of Spain in the 20th Century.