Instructor Mitch Kraus explores the often-overlooked persecution of homosexuals under Nazi Germany. While the scale of their murder—50,000 to 100,000 gay men—was far smaller than the six million Jews killed, their treatment reveals key insights into Nazi ideology and its ambivalent, inconsistent approach to homosexuality. This lecture will also examine the vibrant gay culture of 1920s Berlin, from nightclubs and newspapers to intellectual life, setting the stage for understanding why the Nazis targeted homosexuals.